Wheel speed sensor and wheel speed sensing system

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a wheel speed sensor being configured to send two types of data packets, wherein data packets of one type contain amplitude information. The invention relates further to a wheel speed sensing system comprising such a wheel speed sensor.

The invention relates to a wheel speed sensor, comprising:

-   -   an encoder wheel having a number of poles or pole pairs,     -   a sensing unit for sensing a signal dependant on a rotation         angle of the encoder wheel, and     -   a sending unit being connected with the sensing unit,     -   wherein the sending unit is configured to send data packets of a         first type that are indicative for a respective pole transition         at the sensing unit,

The invention relates further to a wheel speed sensing system comprising such a wheel speed sensor.

Known wheel speed sensors provide for a certain resolution regarding wheel speed and a corresponding distance travelled by a vehicle due to rotation of a wheel. For example, typical prior art wheel speed sensors provide for a resolution of about 2 cm. While this resolution is typically sufficient for normal cruise velocities, it has been found out that a higher resolution would be desirable for low-speed driving assistance functions like automated parking.

A critical parameter for the resolution of such a wheel speed sensor is the number of poles. In principle, the resolution could be increased by increasing the number of pole pairs. However, the inventor of the present invention has found out that this approach brings a plethora of new problems.

The repeatability performance (jitter) of a wheel speed sensor element is directly linked to the bandwidth of the encoder signal. With a pure doubling or other increase of the number of encoder pole pairs and with that of the signal frequency future jitter requirements cannot be fulfilled any more. In addition, a doubling of the number of encoder pole pairs corresponds to a loss of encoder magnetic field strength by the factor of 7.4 and with that a loss of magnetic air gap performance of the sensor elements. Furthermore, there is a need of a matching between encoder pitch and sensing unit pitch. All currently used sensing units would not be applicable for such a solution.

It is thus an object of the present invention to provide for an alternative wheel speed sensor that is especially suitable for a higher resolution. It is a further object of the present invention to provide for a wheel speed sensing system comprising such a wheel speed sensor.

This is solved by a wheel speed sensor according to claim 1 and a wheel speed sensing system according to claim 10. Preferred embodiments can, for example, be derived from the dependent claims.

The invention comprises a wheel speed sensor. The wheel speed sensor comprises an encoder wheel having a number of poles or pole pairs. The wheel speed sensor comprises a sensing unit for sensing a signal dependent on a rotation angle of the encoder wheel. It is noted that the encoder wheel is typically mounted or adapted to be mounted on an axle or wheel mount such that it rotates identically to at least one wheel.

The wheel speed sensor further comprises a sending unit being connected with the sensing unit, wherein the sending unit is configured to send data packets of a first type that are indicative for a respective pole transition at the sensing unit. The data packets can also be denoted as speed pulses or the sending unit can also be configured to send speed pulses. Thus, an external entity, for example an electronic control unit (ECU) to which the data packets may be sent, is aware of each pole transition. As the angular distance between consecutive poles is known, the ECU can easily calculate a wheel speed out of the time distances between consecutive data packets.

According to the invention, the sending unit is further configured to send data packets of a second type that are indicative for an amplitude of the signal.

With the data packets of the second type, the amplitude can be communicated to the external entity that gives a very accurate indication for any small rotation of the encoder wheel between two pole transitions. This allows for a significantly increased resolution while avoiding the problems discussed above.

Preferably, data packets of the first type are sent if a vehicle speed is below a threshold, and data packets of the second type are sent if the vehicle speed is above the threshold. This allows for prior art operation at high speeds and increased resolution according to the invention at low speed, e.g. during a parking operation.

According to a preferred embodiment, the poles are magnet poles. This has been proven suitable for typical applications. In that case, the sensing unit can preferably be a magnetic sensing unit, e.g. a coil. However, it should be noted that alternatively also other poles can be used, for example based on optical recognition.

Preferably, the data packets of the first type contain information about a distance between the encoder wheel and the sensing unit. This allows for error recognition, e.g. if the distance is out of a certain range. The distance can typically be measured by the wheel speed sensor in a manner known to a person skilled in the art.

Preferably, the sending unit sends the data packets to an electronic control unit (ECU). The electronic control unit can typically calculate a wheel speed and/or a vehicle speed and/or a vehicle displacement out of the received data packets.

Preferably, each data packet contains a bit indicating if the data packet is of the first type or of the second type. This allows an external entity, e.g. an ECU, to quickly identify the type of the packet.

Preferably, the data packets contain a number of bits, preferably three bits, that are indicative for a distance between the encoder wheel and the sensing unit if the data packet is of the first type, and that are indicative for the amplitude if the data packet is of the second type. Prior art wheel sensors typically use three bits to indicate the distance. Especially these bits can be used to indicate the amplitude, as a surveillance of the distance can be interrupted at low speed without arising security concerns. It should be noted that any other number of bits can be used, e.g. two bits, four bits or five bits, especially depending on the required resolution.

Preferably, the sending unit is configured to send a data packet at least after a predetermined time period, preferably 150 ms. This allows for a constant surveillance of wheel speed, vehicle speed and/or vehicle displacement, especially at low speed where data packets triggered by pole transitions would typically be sent at larger intervals. However, also other time periods can be used, e.g. between 100 and 200 ms, between 120 and 180 ms, or 100 ms, 50 ms or 250 ms.

According to an embodiment, the amplitude is encoded in the data packets of the second type using equidistant voltage values. This allows for an easy implementation.

According to an embodiment, the amplitude is encoded in the data packets of the second type using voltage values corresponding to equidistant time values. Such voltage values can especially correspond to equidistant time values when the encoder wheel is rotated with a constant angular speed. This allows for a higher resolution at critical signal parts.

The invention relates further to a wheel speed sensing system.

The wheel speed sensing system comprises an inventive wheel speed sensor. All embodiments and variations disclosed herein can be applied.

The wheel speed sensing system further comprises an electronic control unit (ECU) communicatively coupled to the sending unit of the wheel speed sensor. The electronic control unit is configured to calculate a wheel speed, vehicle speed or vehicle displacement from the data packets of the first type and from the data packets of the second type.

With the inventive wheel speed sensing system, the advantages of an inventive wheel speed sensor discussed above can be applied for a wheel speed sensing system.

This application especially describes a smart solution for applications with high spatial resolution requirements. The content of the existing standardized serial data protocol can be modified. With the serial data protocol additional data beside the speed pulse information can be sent to the electronic control unit (ECU). The data bit content can be divided into mandatory data bits which meaning are not to be changed and free assignable bits. A possible current standard content of the serial data protocol is shown in the following table 1:

TABLE 1 Bit0 Bit1 Bit2 Bit3 Bit4 Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 Bit8 ERR M EC GDR DR LM0 LM1 LM2 P

A new method for providing a high resolution signal to the ECU can be based on the fact that the bits 5, 6 and 7 provide information of the sensor internal bridge signal BS[0], BS[1] and BS[2] to the ECU at low vehicle speed as shown in the following table 2:

TABLE 2 Bit0 Bit1 Bit2 Bit3 Bit4 Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 Bit8 ERR M LS GDR DR BS0 BS1 BS2 P

The abbreviations mean:

ERR: Error indicating bit

M: Mode bit

EC: Bit indicating activation of error correction

LS: Bit indicating packet of first or second type

GDR: Bit indicating validity of angular direction

DR: Bit indication angular direction

LM: Bits indicating distance between encoder wheel and sensing unit

BS: Bits indicating amplitude

P: Parity bit

According to an implementation, bit 2 (‘LS’) can indicates if the content of the bits 5, 6 and 7 is the measured air gap at medium and high vehicle speed (LM=‘0’) or if the content of the bits 5, 6 and 7 is the 3-bit digitalized bridge voltage (LM=‘1’), that is typically indicative for the amplitude.

The advantage compared to the existing state-of-the-art serial data protocol is that the current value of the bridge signal is oftener provided to the ECU and with that the ECU has a finer grid of data points for speed and length calculation available. As a variation, the time interval between two standstill protocols can be decreased, especially with respect to the prior art common value of 150 ms.

Further details and advantages will be apparent from the enclosed drawing and the following description of an embodiment.

FIG. 1 shows a wheel speed sensing system.

FIG. 2 shows a first possible distribution of voltage levels.

FIG. 3 shows a second possible distribution of voltage levels.

FIG. 1 shows schematically a wheel speed sensing system 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.

The wheel speed sensing system 1 comprises a wheel speed sensor 5 according to an embodiment of the invention.

The wheel speed sensor 5 comprises an encoder wheel 10. The encoder wheel comprises a total of eight magnetic poles 12 that are equally distributed around its surface.

The wheel speed sensor comprises a sensing unit 20 that is assigned to the encoder wheel 10. The sensing unit 20 comprises a coil in which a voltage is induced responsive to angular movement of the poles 12.

The wheel speed sensor 5 comprises a sending unit 30. The sending unit 30 is connected to the sensing unit 20 and is thus aware of a signal sensed by the sensing unit 20 in response to angular movement and/or angular orientation of the encoder wheel 10.

The sending unit 30 generates data packets in response to the signal. The signal is evaluated by the sending unit 30 for determination if a vehicle speed is above or below a threshold.

If the vehicle speed is above the threshold, the sending unit 30 generates data packets of a first type at each pole transition of the encoder wheel 10, i.e. every time when a pole 12 is in a certain orientation with respect to the sensing unit 20, especially just below the sensing unit 20. These data packets of the first type are organized as shown in table 1 in this application. Especially, they contain bits indicating a distance between the encoder wheel 10 and the sensing unit 20. Each data packet indicated a pole transition, so that a wheel speed, vehicle speed or vehicle displacement can be easily calculated.

If the vehicle speed is below the threshold, the sending unit 30 generates data packets of a second type at a predetermined time interval. For example, a time interval of 50 ms can be used. These data packets of the second type are organized as shown in table 2 in this application. Especially, they contain bits indicating the current amplitude of the signal measured at the sensing unit 20.

The wheel speed sensing system 1 further comprises an electronic control unit 40 that is connected with the sending unit 30. The sending unit 30 sends the data packets just described to the electronic control unit 40. The electronic control unit 40 can use these data packets to calculate wheel speed, vehicle speed or vehicle displacement at high speeds using packets of the first type and at low speeds using packets of the second type.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show two approaches of converting a sensor unit or sensor element internal bridge signal into a 3-bit code. The respective lower part of the figures shows an internal bridge signal, whereas the respective upper part of the figures shows a digitized signal with corresponding 3-bit codes.

In FIG. 2 an approach of dividing the signal amplitude into eight equivalent zones is shown.

The advantage of this approach is that the implementation into an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is not difficult. The disadvantage is the non-linearity especially in the signal minimum/maximum region.

In FIG. 3 an approach of dividing the encoder period into eight equivalent zones is shown.

The advantage of this approach is the linearity of the digital signal. The disadvantage is the higher implementation effort together with the need of a direction detection algorithm.

Both approaches are fully compliant with today's encoder wheels and ECU hardware. An ECU software adaptation is typically necessary for both variants. Since these approaches cooperate with sensor elements based on digital logic the new functions can be enabled and disabled based on the target application. So the sensor elements can be used for every upcoming application and no new sensor elements for low volume applications need to be developed.

The claims comprised by this application do not constitute an abdication of a broader scope of protection.

If it becomes apparent during the proceedings that a feature or item or a group of features or items is not absolutely necessary, the applicant intends already at time of filing a formulation not comprising the feature or item or the group of features or items. This can, for example, be a subcombination of a claim filed on the filing date, or a subcombination of a claim filed on the filing date being further restricted by further features or items. Claims or feature combinations being formulated in that way are to be understood as being comprised by the disclosure of this application.

It is further to be understood that arrangements, features and variants of the invention, that are described in the various implementations and embodiments and/or that are shown in the figures, can be combined arbitrarily among each other. Features, both alone and in combination, can be exchanged arbitrarily against each other. Feature combinations resulting therefrom are to be understood as being comprised by the disclosure of this application.

References in dependent claims are not to be understood as an abdication of a separate protection for the features of the dependent claims. These features can also be combined arbitrarily with other features.

Features or items that are only disclosed in the description or features or items that are disclosed in the description or in a claim only in connection with other features can generally be of separate inventive significance. Thus, they can also be incorporated in claims separately in order to distinguish against prior art. 

1. A Wheel speed sensor, comprising an encoder wheel having a number of poles, a sensing unit for sensing a signal dependant on a rotation angle of the encoder wheel, and a sending unit being connected with the sensing unit, wherein the sending unit is configured to send data packets of a first type that are indicative for a respective pole transition at the sensing unit, characterized in that the sending unit is further configured to send data packets of a second type that are indicative for an amplitude of the signal.
 2. The Wheel speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the poles are magnet poles.
 3. The Wheel speed sensor according to one claim 1, characterized in that the data packets of the first type contain information about a distance between the encoder wheel and the sensing unit.
 4. The Wheel speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the sending unit sends the data packets to an electronic control unit (ECU).
 5. The Wheel speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that each data packet contains a bit indicating if the data packet is of the first type or of the second type.
 6. The Wheel speed sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that the data packets contain a number of bits, preferably three bits, that are indicative for a distance between the encoder wheel and the sensing unit if the data packet is of the first type, and that are indicative for the amplitude if the data packet is of the second type.
 7. The Wheel speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the sending unit is configured to send a data packet at least after a predetermined time period, preferably 150 ms.
 8. The Wheel speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the amplitude is encoded in the data packets of the second type using equidistant voltage values.
 9. The Wheel speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the amplitude is encoded in the data packets of the first type using voltage values corresponding to equidistant time values.
 10. A Wheel speed sensing system, comprising a wheel speed sensor according to one of the preceding claims, and an electronic control unit (ECU) communicatively coupled to the sending unit of the wheel speed sensor, wherein the electronic control unit is configured to calculate a wheel speed, vehicle speed or vehicle displacement from the data packets of the first type and from the data packets of the second type. 